Business Strategy
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Pages : 323;
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<< Chapter 3
External Environment Analysis : Chapter 4
SUMMARY:
Environmental scanning involves capturing information about the firm’s external environment in terms of opportunities and threats. It is a proactive exercise to ensure that changes in the external environment – either remote or operating – do not take the firm by surprise.
The remote environment consists of a set of forces that originate beyond a firm’s operating situation. These comprise political, economic, social, technological, and legal forces which create opportunities, threats, and constraints for the firm.
The operating environment, which has a direct impact on the operations of a firm, includes all factors which a firm faces while sourcing its inputs and while marketing and selling its outputs. The competitors, customers, suppliers, and the labor market constitute the operating (competitive) environment.
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The Five Forces model is a framework for industry analysis. The five forces that determine the competitive intensity and the attractiveness of a market are: the bargaining power of the buyers, the bargaining power of the suppliers, the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitute products, and the intensity of rivalry amongst existing firms.
In order to create a favorable position against the five competitive forces, an effective competitive strategy takes offensive or defensive action, such as: positioning the firm so that its capabilities provide the best defense against the existing array of competitive forces; influencing the balance of forces through strategic moves, thereby improving the firm’s relative position; or anticipating shifts in the factors underlying the forces and responding to them, thereby exploiting change by choosing a strategy appropriate to the next competitive balance before rivals recognize it.
External Environment Analysis- An Overview
Remote Environment
Social Environment
Political and Legal Environment
Economic Environment
The Operating Environment
Competitive Position
Customer Profile
Suppliers and Creditors
Nature of the Labor Market
Porter’s Five Forces Model
Threat of New Entrants
Intensity of Rivalry among Existing Competitors
The Bargaining Power of Buyers
The Bargaining Power of Suppliers
The Threat of Substitute Products
Structural Analysis and Competitive Strategy
Positioning
Influencing the Balance
Exploiting Change
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